Mugabe Government Admits Zimbabwe Food Crisis

By Brian Latham

LONDON, UK, March 8, 2005 (ENS) - Zimbabwe's ruling ZANU PF government this month admitted that it faces serious food shortages ahead of the traditional May harvest, confounding President Robert Mugabe's frequent boasts of an expected bumper harvest.

A statement carried in the state controlled "Herald" newspaper said that about 1.5 million people would need emergency supplies of maize corn, the staple diet, in the western and eastern provinces of Matabeleland and Manicaland.

Hungry Zimbabweans line up for a World Food Programme distribution in 2002. (Photo by Richard Lee courtesy WFP)

FEWSNET confirmed that the situation was particularly serious in rural areas of the drier provinces of Matabeleland, Masvingo and Manicaland and also in some parts of the lower Zambezi Valley. But the food situation is also deteriorating in towns, where inflation of 400 percent is causing food prices to skyrocket against falling real incomes, FEWSNET said.

For almost two years, the government has claimed Zimbabwe had sufficient homegrown maize to feed its 11.5 million people.

Last year, Mugabe told British television, "We are not hungry. Why foist this food on us? We don't want to be choked. We have enough." His statement caused fear among donors that millions would possibly go hungry.

Mugabe's hard line information minister Jonathan Moyo, sacked last month, used the state controlled press to say the country would produce about 2.4 million metric tons of maize this summer season, more than the country's normal 1.8 million ton requirement. The harvest will, in fact, be less than 850,000 tons, according to independent estimates.

Bulawayo City Council reported in the minutes of its last meeting that at least 10 people, most of them children under five, were known to have died recently of starvation. Mayor Japhet Ndabeni-Ncube said many more would perish in the coming months from illnesses induced by lack of food.

Archbishop Pius Ncube, the outspoken Roman Catholic prelate of Bulawayo, accused Mugabe of withholding food for electoral purposes, distributing it only in areas where people could be bribed to vote for the ruling ZANU PF party. "They want to control the food and politicize it," he said. "They'd rather kill people for the sake of power."

Many other critics of the troubled southern African nation say Zimbabwe's food security has been heavily compromised by politics and propaganda.

Robert Mugabe has been President of Zimbabwe since 1980. He is pictured here at the 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg. (Photo courtesy UN)

Nevertheless, in January, maize meal again disappeared from supermarket shelves in towns across the country. The much promised food surplus had come to nothing and disgruntled shoppers were forced to buy imported rice or flour at prices they could barely afford. Thousands of once productive fields throughout the country have turned brown and are overgrown with weeds.

Paul Themba Nyathi, spokesman for the main opposition party, the Movement for Democratic Change, said, "The government is already using food as an election weapon. It is telling communities, 'If you vote against the government, if you vote for the opposition, you won't get food.’"

The shortage prompted the government to blame millers, accusing them of stockpiling maize in an effort to force a price increase.

Maggie Khumalo was 65 when this photo was taken in 2002. At that time, she could not remember a deeper food crisis, and it is worse today. (Photo by Richard Lee courtesy WFP)

Commercial Farmers' Union economist Kuda Ndoro said that food imports to Zimbabwe continue unabated.

"If you go to the government Grain Marketing Board depot in Harare, you'll see queues of trucks from Zambia and South Africa," Ndoro said. "They're all loaded with maize and wheat."

Since Zimbabwe's farm invasions began in February 2000, the country has lost its status as the region's breadbasket. From a net exporter of food, it now imports to feed its increasingly impoverished millions.

Meanwhile tobacco, the commodity that once drove the country's economy, has slumped to a meager output of about 60 million kilograms, down from more than 230 million five years ago.

Once the world's number two producer of high grade Virginia leaf, Zimbabwe no longer produces a crop of either quality or weight. ZANU PF's self-styled war veterans have forced some 1,400 large scale tobacco growers off their farms. Scores of farmers and their families stood helplessly by while angry mobs destroyed homes and pillaged equipment.

As many as a million farm workers and their families may have been made homeless in a process that saw thousands tortured, beaten and raped while workers' houses were burned to the ground by angry mobs of ZANU PF supporters.

In the past, Zimbabwe fed her own people and exported her crops. This photo from 1989 shows workers unloading maize from Zimbabwe in Mozambique. (Photo courtesy FAO)

"It's more likely to be closer to 40 million kilograms," said ex-farmer and member of lobby group Justice for Agriculture Bruce Gemmill. "There are no proper inputs and the new farmers lack the capital to borrow enough to grow a sizeable crop."

The demise of Zimbabwe's farming sector has seen white farmers head for the diaspora.

Deprived of their livelihoods, some have moved into the capital Harare to start new businesses. Others have been welcomed elsewhere in Africa. Hundreds of farmers moved to neighbouring Zambia, others to Mozambique, Botswana and Malawi. Others have gone further still to Nigeria.

Some African leaders have encouraged Zimbabwe's farmers to move, but, fearful of criticism from Mugabe, have done so discreetly. In Nigeria, farmers can claim up to 1,000 hectares of fertile land and borrow over US$1 million at very low rates to get them started in the continent's most populous nation.

"It's an attractive offer," said Gemmill. "The markets up there are enormous and the demand for food huge."

{Published in cooperation with the Institute for War and Peace Reporting. Brian Latham was a freelance correspondent for Bloomberg News in Zimbabwe. He recently fled the country and has for the time being sought refuge in London.}